What is a myocardial infarction?
The cause of a heart attack in patients is mostly atherosclerosis, less commonly it is a blood clot or spasm, known as artery constriction. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries that occurs due to the deposition of fatty particles (mainly cholesterol) into the artery wall, forming a plaque that can rupture, leading to the accumulation of blood platelets at the damaged site, resulting in the artery becoming blocked and blood flow stopping. If the supply of blood and oxygen is interrupted, the heart muscle cells are permanently damaged and begin to die.
Risk factors
· chest pain or pressure, which may radiate towards the shoulder, arms, jaw, or back
· fatigue, dizziness, loss of consciousness
· shortness of breath
· nausea, vomiting, cold sweat,
· anxiety, heart palpitations,
First Aid for Heart Attack
If you or someone around you suffers a heart attack, act immediately and call emergency services at 112. In case of cardiac arrest, begin chest compressions. If the patient is conscious, place them in a semi-sitting position and loosen clothing around the neck and waist. Open the window in the room, ventilate, and wait for the rescue service.
Care for the Client After a Heart Attack
A client who has suffered a heart attack is often anxious, angry, bitter, or depressed. These feelings are normal. It is important to be patient. This condition should not last more than 6 weeks. As a caregiver, it is necessary to remind the patient that they will be okay and that their heart is healing more and more each day. The heart needs rest to heal. Therefore, it is very important not to overburden the client. Relaxation and adequate night sleep are crucial. Patients after a heart attack should rest before they become tired. Physical activity is also suitable after a heart attack; light walks are recommended. Rehabilitation can significantly speed up recovery. It is necessary to monitor the blood pressure of a client who has had a heart attack and adhere to the medication prescribed by the doctor. Regarding diet, it is important to cook a properly balanced healthy diet for the client.